{"id":125,"date":"2021-10-15T13:59:39","date_gmt":"2021-10-15T11:59:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/jornal.aprene.org\/Aici-ara\/?p=125"},"modified":"2021-10-15T13:59:59","modified_gmt":"2021-10-15T11:59:59","slug":"las-hemnas-dens-la-societat-pirenenca-centrau-dinc-au-comencar-deu-segle-vintau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/2021\/10\/15\/las-hemnas-dens-la-societat-pirenenca-centrau-dinc-au-comencar-deu-segle-vintau\/","title":{"rendered":"Las hemnas dens la societat pirenenca centrau dinc au comen\u00e7ar deu s\u00e8gle vintau"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>L\u2019\u00f2rdi de neishen\u00e7a que destinava la vita d\u2019ua persona qu\u2019estosse ua hemna o un \u00f2mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La vita d\u2019ainada o meil\u00e8u d\u2019<em>airet\u00e8ra<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En Pa\u00eds Basco, en Big\u00f2rra, en Navarra, en Comenge e en Coserans, qu\u2019\u00e8ra lo principi d\u2019ainat absolut qui \u00e8ra present dens la vita vitanta. La prioritat d\u2019atge qu\u2019\u00e8ra taus \u00f2mis e t\u00e0 las hemnas. Aquesta singularitat que\u2019s liga a la durada pr\u2019amor dinc a la dusau mietat deu s\u00e8gle vintau, que s\u2019i ved l\u2019eretatge shens nada distincion de s\u00e8xe. Lo dret d\u2019ainat n\u2019existiva pas mei dens la lei despuish lo c\u00f2di Napoleon mes que demorava dens lo dret costum\u00e8r. La t\u00f2ca qu\u2019\u00e8ra de non pas esbrigalhar lo patrim\u00f2ni. Los ainats e las ainadas qu\u2019\u00e8ran aperats los <em>airet\u00e8rs<\/em> e las <em>airet\u00e8ras<\/em>. Aqueste eretatge que balhava tots los bens e totas las foncions sociaus a ua sola persona. L\u2019ainada com l\u2019ainat qu\u2019\u00e8ra <em>cap d\u2019ostau<\/em>, qu\u2019ei a d\u00edser cap de las muralhas, deus bens, deu r\u00f2tle sociau e deu nom. R\u00f2tle sociau pr\u2019amor au temps de l\u2019Ancian Regime, las vaths que s\u2019organizavan en tres estadis&nbsp;: la casa, lo <em>vesiau<\/em> (regropament de casas, \u00e7\u00f2 qui ei la comuna uei) e la vath. Los caps d\u2019ostaus qu\u2019\u00e8ran amassats peus acamps deu vesiau e que votavan t\u00e0 elegir un representant au conselh de la vath. Dab la Revolucion francesa, las airet\u00e8ras que\u2019s perd\u00f3n drin a drin lo r\u00f2tle sociau pr\u2019amor lo dret de v\u00f2te n\u2019est\u00f3 pas sonque balhat aus ciutadans e non pas a las ciutadanas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dinc a las annadas trenta, las ainadas com los ainats qu\u2019av\u00e8van lo dret de cadi\u00e8ra. Que pod\u00e8van anar tribalhar aulhors e qu\u2019av\u00e8van lo dret de tornar t\u00e0 casa. La demora deus ainats a casa qu\u2019\u00e8ra importanta pr\u2019amor qu\u2019\u00e8ran eths qui gardavan mair e pair puish qu\u2019\u00e8ran eths qui pren\u00e8van las decisions e que s\u2019aucupavan de las finan\u00e7as. La t\u00f2ca qu\u2019ei tostemps la medisha&nbsp;: manti\u00e9ner la casa. Se la prometuda e \u00e8ra l\u2019ainada, ne deishava pas l\u2019ostau e lo prometut que vien\u00e8va a casa t\u00e0 <em>anar gendre<\/em>. Aquestes maridatges qu\u2019\u00e8ran preparats despuish longtemps peus pairs. Qu\u2019estudiavan las possibilitats d\u2019union segon la talha deus ostaus, las relacions entre eths, l\u2019atge deus ainats e deus capdaus. Pr\u2019amor rasons financ\u00e8ras, sovent lo maridatge de l\u2019ainat\/ainada qu\u2019\u00e8ra lo sol.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La vita de capd\u00e8ta<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las hemnas capd\u00e8tas qu\u2019av\u00e8van perspectivas mei.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quan las finan\u00e7as e \u00e8ran, la purm\u00e8ra capd\u00e8ta que\u2019s maridava dab un ainat, qu\u2019\u00e8ra \u00ab&nbsp;<em>anar nora<\/em>&nbsp;\u00bb. Que portavan la d\u00f2t compausada d\u2019un troc\u00e8u brodat a las inicialas de l\u2019esposa, m\u00f2bles e b\u00e8stias. L\u2019estatut de n\u00f2ra com de gendre qu\u2019\u00e8ra inferiorizant. Qu\u2019\u00e8ran en ua posicion subalt\u00e8rna pr\u2019amor l\u2019airet\u00e8ra com l\u2019 airet\u00e8r qu\u2019\u00e8ran a casa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ua capd\u00e8ta que\u2019s pod\u00e8va maridar dab un capdau<a>. <\/a>Qu\u2019\u00e8ra rar e mau vist pr\u2019amor los dus n\u2019av\u00e8van pas nat ostau, pas nada t\u00e8rra e pas nada d\u00f2t. Que\u2019s dis\u00e8va d\u2019aquestes maridatges qu\u2019\u00e8ran <em>amassar era ham entab era sed.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Las hemnas que tribalhavan. Daubuas hemnas qu\u2019\u00e8ran viatjadoras. Las parten\u00e7as deus viatjadors e de las viatjadoras que comenc\u00e8n a la fin deu s\u00e8gle d\u00e8tz-e-ueit e que\u2019s has\u00f3n dinc a la segonda gu\u00e8rra mondiau. Las capd\u00e8tas viatjadoras que praticavan lo colportatge. Qu\u2019i av\u00e8va dus cas&nbsp;: sia que ven\u00e8van tau lor compte pr\u00f2pi, sia que ven\u00e8van per ua fabrica o per un grossista. Quan ven\u00e8van tad eras, qu\u2019\u00e8ran articles fabricats au vilatge com cond\u00e8rs, linges de casa, cot\u00e8ths o articles brocats. Quan ven\u00e8van per quauqu\u2019un d\u2019aute, qu\u2019\u00e8ran clucas, articles religi\u00f3s e d\u2019arrelotgeria. V\u00e9ner per la fabrica e peu grossista en balh\u00e0\u2019us los &nbsp;beneficis qu\u2019\u00e8ra la m\u00e0ger part deus cas. La capd\u00e8ta qu\u2019\u00e8ra tr\u00f2p prauba t\u00e0 crompar la mercaderia. Las viatjadoras com los viatjadors qu\u2019anavan h\u00e8ra luenh (Italia deu N\u00f2rd, Espanha deu Sud, N\u00f2rd de Fran\u00e7a \u2026). Las joenas viatjadoras que\u2019s mudavan dab s\u00f2rs, oncles e tantas qui viatjadavan despuish mantuas annadas. Daubuas viatjadoras qu\u2019\u00e8ran soletas. Quan \u00e8ra lo cas, sovent qu\u2019\u00e8ran estadas constrenhudas. Tanben, qu\u2019\u00e8ra un cas rar p\u2019amor la rentabilitat qu\u2019\u00e8ra limitada. Los despla\u00e7aments que\u2019s has\u00e8van a p\u00e8 e donc lo transp\u00f2rt de mercaderia qu\u2019\u00e8ra estretit. D\u2019autas que has\u00e8van nino\u00e8ras en familhas borgesas a Tarba, a Sent-Girons, a Sent-Gaudens, a Tolosa o que tribalhavan t\u00e0 l\u2019industria textila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00e0 acabar, las hemnas dens la societat pirenenca centrau dinc au cap deu s\u00e8gle vintau segon lo lor \u00f2rdi de neishen\u00e7a qu\u2019av\u00e8van un estatut diferent que sia dens l\u2019ostau o dens la societat com los \u00f2mis. S\u2019\u00e8ran ainada, qu\u2019\u00e8ran airet\u00e8ras e donc caps d\u2019ostau. Que demoravan a casa. Quan \u00e8ran capd\u00e8tas que\u2019s pod\u00e8van maridar dab un ainat, rarament dab un capdau o partir t\u00e0 anar tribalhar. Aquesta egalitat qu\u2019av\u00e8va ua t\u00f2ca\u00a0: manti\u00e9ner l\u2019ostau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sor\u00e7a\u00a0: d\u2019apr\u00e8s la lectura deu libe <em>Femmes Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9ennes<\/em> de l\u2019etnol\u00f2ga Isaure Gratacos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Audrey Gaurrat e la c\u00f2la<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>L\u2019\u00f2rdi de neishen\u00e7a que destinava la vita d\u2019ua persona qu\u2019estosse ua hemna o un \u00f2mi. La vita d\u2019ainada o meil\u00e8u d\u2019airet\u00e8ra En Pa\u00eds Basco, en &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":148,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":149,"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125\/revisions\/149"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/aici-ara.aprene.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}